BMW 3 Series E46
- BMW 3 cars (E46)
Identification numbers of the car
Acquisition of spare parts
Technology of service, tool and equipment of a workplace
Poddomkrachivaniye and towage
Start of the engine from the auxiliary power supply
Checks of readiness of the car for operation
Automobile chemicals, oils and lubricants
Diagnostics of malfunctions
Governing bodies and methods of operation
Governing bodies and devices
Gas station
Keys, uniform lock and anticreeping system
Security alarm system *
Window regulators
The hatch with a lifting and movable cover *
Seats
Adjustment of provision of a steering wheel
Mirrors
Systems of safety
Lock of ignition and start of the engine
Parking brake
Manual Box of Gear Shifting (MBGS)
Automatic Transmission (AT) *
Lever of the switch of indexes of turn / light signal
Screen wipers and windscreen washers
Heater of back glass
Tempostat (automatic equipment of maintenance of the set speed) *
The alarm system of emergency rapprochement at the parking (PDC) *
System of automatic stabilization of stability with the regulator of torque of the ASC+T/engine System of dynamic control of stability of DSC *
The air pressure control system in tires (RDC) *
Lighting and light devices
Heater, ventilation and conditioner of air of salon
Equipment of salon
Running in
Features of driving of the car
Catalytic converter
Anti-blocking system of brakes (ABS)
Disk brakes
Brake system
Luggage compartments
Automobile phone *
Readjustment of headlights
Cowl
Unlocking of a cover of the filling hatch manually
Drive of a lifting and movable cover of the hatch manually *
+ Current leaving and service
+ Engine
+ Cooling systems, heating
+ Power supply systems, injection and release
+ Engine electric equipment
+ RKPP and transmission line
+ Automatic transmission
+ Coupling and power shafts
+ Brake system
+ Suspension bracket and steering
+ Body
+ Onboard electric equipment
+ Schemes of electric equipment
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Diagnostics of malfunctions In this Section the simplest scheme of clarification of the reasons of the malfunctions and refusals happening in knots and systems of the vehicle is offered. Refusals and their possible reasons are broken into groups on a sign of the relation to certain components or systems of the car, such as the engine, the cooling system, etc., besides, in the text references to Chapters and Sections concerning these problems are given.
Remember that the successful completion of search of causes of defect is not the black magic available only to skilled professional mechanics at all, and is defined by a combination of a certain knowledge and patient, systematic approach to a problem research. It is necessary to move always from simple to difficult, to bring each check to the logical end and to try not to pass the obvious facts – everyone can forget to fill fuel in the fuel tank or to leave included in lighting fixtures for the night.
And at last, it is always necessary to try to make a clear picture of development of malfunction and to take the corresponding steps for prevention of a recurrence. If the failure of electric equipment happened for a cause of infringement of quality of contact, check a condition of all other contacts and electric sockets of system at the same time. If the same safety lock several times in a row continues to fuse, there is no sense in its further replacement – it is necessary to try to find out a cause of failure. Remember that failure of a minor component can be a sign of violation of functioning of more important knot or the whole system.
Diagnostics of the electronic E46 systems – general information about diagnostic units
Are a part of the electronic equipment of the car:
System of electronic control by the petrol engine
Siemens MS 42.0
System of electronic control by the diesel engine
Bosch 3.0
System of anti-blocking of brakes of ABS
the dynamic system of stabilization of stability which is built in ABS – DSC3 on the early E46 models the traction control system – (Teves ABS/ASC Mark20ET)
System of ensuring additional safety of SRS
MRS2, MRS3
AT with electronic control of EGS/AGS
A5S 360R Siemens AGS 20
Electronic system of xenon headlights
| 1 Check of serviceability of functioning of components of systems of injection and decrease in toxicity of the fulfilled gases is made by means of the universal digital measuring instrument (multimeter). Use of the digital measuring instrument is preferable for several reasons. First, on analog devices it is rather difficult (sometimes, it is impossible), to define result of the indication to within the 100-th and thousand shares while at inspection of the contours including electronic components in the structure, such accuracy is of particular importance.
The second, not less important, the fact that the internal contour of a digital multimeter, has rather high impedance is the reason (internal resistance of the device makes 10 megohms). As the voltmeter is connected to the checked chain in parallel, the accuracy of measurement of subjects is higher, than smaller current will pass through actually device. This factor is not essential at measurement of rather high values of tension (9 ÷12 V), however becomes defining at diagnostics of the elements giving low-voltage signals, such as, for example, l-probe where it is about measurement of shares of volt. |
2 Special diagnostic scanners (Pointer) or testers (Retriever) with a certain cartridge, a universal cable and the socket are used to diagnostics of electronic systems of the engine, automatic transmission, ABS, SRS. Besides, it is possible to use the expensive specialized automobile diagnostic computer which is specially developed for full diagnostics of the majority of systems of modern cars to this purpose (for example, ADC2000 of Launch HiTech), or the ordinary computer with a set of the interface devices.
3 In principle, reading of the codes of malfunctions which are written down in memory of system of self-diagnostics can be made also on the indicator "check the engine" on the control panel (address the Head Elektrooborudovaniye of the engine).
4 The scanner only reads out the malfunctions brought memory and clears memory of malfunctions. Besides the scanner supports only the ISO protocol. The tester in addition can make active and show the current data and supports the SAE and ISO protocols.
All cartridges for a tester can be used also in the scanner. At the same time functions will be limited only to reading and cleaning of memory.
Devices of ToolRama, Inc can be used to diagnostics, for example. (3500 NW Boca Raton Blvd., Boca Raton, Florida, 33431, USA 1 877 866 5726 – 561 750 4511 – 561 338 8447 FAX):
R000 tester with T051D cartridge, the P000 scanner with T041 cartridge,
universal N000 cable,
N001 socket.
For the majority of cars of release since 1996 supporting the SAE/ISO 9141 OBD II protocol OBD II cartridge performing the following functions can be used:
• Reading and removal of codes of malfunctions of OBD II. Reflection of results of tests of the sensor of oxygen.
• Continuous control of systems of ignition, injection and components.
• Reflection of the list of the current data and the recorded unstable refusals:
Absolute pressure in the inlet pipeline;
Oxygen sensor tension;
Temperature of cooling liquid of the engine;
Settlement loading of the engine;
Car speed;
Quality of fuel;
Air consumption (on weight);
Ignition advancing;
Provision of a butterfly valve;
Temperature of the soaked-up air.
In addition to codes of malfunctions "P0 ", the device also reflects the expanded P1 codes for the models Acura, Audi, BMW, Chrysler, Dodge, FORD, Geo, GM, Honda, Hyundai, Infinity, Kia, Lexus, Lincoln, Mercury, Mazda, Mercedes, Mitsubishi, Nissan, Porsche, Saturn, SEAT, Skoda, Subaru, Suzuki, Toyota, Volvo, VW. |
| Recently, at diagnostics of control systems of the engine of modern cars such reading-out devices as hand scanners of type, for example, of Actron Scantool became absolutely irreplaceable or
AutoXray XP240 |
Features of the specialized automobile ADC2000 diagnostic unit:
· The built-in 4-channel oscilloscope with standard preset for 19 sensors.
· The analyzer of system of ignition for check primary and secondary chains (with tension to 100 kV) on systems with the distributor or separate coils of ignition – with control of time of burning, peak value of tension, a corner of an advancing of ignition, current, and turns.
· A two-channel multimeter with digital and graphical representation of data on tension (150B), frequency (1100 kHz), to current (150A).
· The built-in scanner for the main systems on cars: VAG, MB, BMW, Volvo, Toyota/Lexus, Mitsubishi, Nissan, Honda, Mazda, GM, Ford, Chrysler, Daewoo, Hyundai, Kia, Samsung, and also on the cars supporting the OBD-II protocol.
· Cartridges are not required – you can execute updating of programs of the device, having downloaded necessary updates from the Internet.
· The software for contact with the personal computer.
Information on use of these devices contains in the enclosed documents. About these devices you can get acquainted with details on the websites www.programatools.com, www.lasn.com.
For performing diagnostics we recommend to you to ask for the qualified help of experts HUNDRED.
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The diagnostic socket of system of onboard diagnostics of OBD II is located under the dashboard |
Contacts of the diagnostic socket for the used protocols:
ISO 9141–2 Contacts 4, 5, 7, 15, 16
J1850 PWM Contacts 2, 4, 5, 10, 16
J1850 VPW Contacts 2, 4, 5, 16 (without 10)
The ISO 9141-2 protocol (for Europe and Asia) is identified by existence of contact 7 and lack of contacts 2 and/or 10 on the diagnostic socket.
Variable Pulse Width Modulation – General Motors – or SAE J1850 PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) – the American Ford – are identified by lack of contact 7.
All three protocols of data exchange work through the standard OBD-II J1962 cable.
conclusion No. Appointment
1 It is set by the producer
2 Bus line +, SAE J1850
3 It is set by the producer
4 Connection with the case
5 The case – an alarm conclusion
6 It is set by the producer (CAN the high level, J–2284)
7 Line K, ISO 9141
8 It is set by the producer
9 It is set by the producer
10 The Bus line – SAE J1850
11 It is set by the producer
12 It is set by the producer
13 It is set by the producer
14 It is set by the producer (CAN the Low level, J–2284)
15 Line L, ISO 9141
16 Plus batteries through a safety lock. Energized at any position of the lock of ignition
Codes of malfunctions of the OBD II system are given in Specifications to the Head Elektrooborudovaniye of the engine.
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The 20-contact diagnostic BMW socket is located under a cowl of a motive compartment at the left |
Purpose of conclusions
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Characteristic |
Value |
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data |
data |
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data |
data |
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data |
data |
Engine
If the engine is not started, it is necessary to analyse a situation. That the engine in general could be started, two main conditions have to be satisfied. Fuel-air mix has to come to cylinders, and on a spark plug the spark has to be developed. Therefore, first, it is necessary to check whether fuel moves. As at the same time it is necessary to work, it is described in the Head of the Power supply system, injection and release.
To define whether the spark is developed, it is necessary to turn out candles, to insert into tips and to put separately to weight. At the same time you do not hold a tip or a cable of ignition with hands, and use well isolated nippers. Ask the assistant to start the engine. If the spark does not slip, define malfunction being guided by the Head Elektrooborudovaniye of the engine.
The engine is not turned in attempts of its start
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1 Corrosion of plugs of the battery takes place or fastening of tips of wires on them weakened. Check a condition of plugs and tips. Tighten terminal clips, if necessary remove corrosion traces.
2 The battery is discharged or faulty. If tips of wires are found by pure and reliably fixed on battery plugs, turn the ignition key in position of ON, then include head headlights and/or screenwashes. If this electric equipment does not function, the battery is discharged.
3 Transmission it is inexact it is established in situation "P" (AT) or on neutral transfer (RKPP), or coupling is squeezed not completely out.
4 Conducting in a chain of system of start is torn off or fastening of wires on plugs weakened. Check a condition of wires, plugs and electric sockets of the battery, traction relay of a starter and the lock of ignition.
5 The gear wheel of a starter is jammed in a gear wreath of a flywheel. On the models equipped with RKPP establish it on transfer and, ceilings manually the car, turn that its engine. At the first opportunity remove a starter and check a condition of a gear wheel and a gear wreath of a flywheel.
6 The traction relay of a starter (The head Elektrooborudovaniye of the engine) is faulty.
7 The starter (The head Elektrooborudovaniye of the engine) is faulty.
8 The ignition lock is faulty. |
The engine is turned, but not started
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1 Start is incorrectly made
Order of start of the petrol engine:
Cock the parking brake, squeeze out a coupling pedal. On models with AT press and hold a brake pedal. On AT install the selector in situation "P" or "N". Do not give gas. Turn the ignition key and hold until the engine is started. If the engine during 20 with is not started or will at once stop, repeat process of start at half the pressed accelerator pedal. As soon as the engine is started, release the ignition key.
On a frost it is below -15 °C also at the height more than 1000 m above sea level: Start you carry out not less than 10 with at half the pressed pedal.
Surely at once begin the movement. If there is a hard frost let's the engine work during 30 pages.
If the engine is not started, through 10 with, interrupt start and repeat it through half of minute.
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| Several unsuccessful attempts of start in a row can damage the catalytic converter since not burned down fuel vzryvoobrazno burns down when heating in the catalytic converter. |
Only on the hot engine after start add a little gas.
2 The safety lock is faulty:
– Electric fuel pump
– Electronic system of injection
Concerning check of safety locks address the Head Onboard electric equipment.
3 Empty fuel tank.
4 Malfunction in system of injection of fuel takes place.
5 The battery is discharged (the engine is turned too slowly). Check functioning of electric equipment.
6 Korrodirovana terminal connections of the battery or their fastening weakened.
7 The fuel pump (The head of the Power supply system, injection and release) is faulty.
8 Components of system of ignition (The head Elektrooborudovaniye of the engine) are damaged or excessively moistened.
9 Spark plugs are worn-out or faulty or the candle gap (The head Elektrooborudovaniye of the engine) is incorrectly exposed.
10 Conducting of an electric contour of system of start is torn off or disconnected or fastening of wires on plugs weakened.
11 Conducting of a contour of the coil of ignition is torn off or disconnected or fastening of wires on coil plugs (The head Elektrooborudovaniye of the engine) weakened.
12 Too low pressure of a compression. Replace sealing laying of a head of cylinders. If necessary repair the engine.
Diesel engine:
13 Start is incorrectly made
Order of start of the turbodiesel engine:
On the cold engine and at an external temperature below +8 °C tighten the parking brake, squeeze out a coupling pedal. On AT install the selector in situation "P" or "N" – RKPP. Turn the ignition key in situation II and wait, the control lamp of preheat will not go out yet. At once after the control lamp will go out, start the engine, without giving gas. If there are irregular flashes do not switch off a starter so far the engine will not start working evenly (no more than 30 c). If the engine is not started, through half of minute repeat start again as it is described above.
In the course of preheat of the engine, it is not necessary to include consumers of current (light, heating of back glass).
On the cold engine and at an external temperature above +8 °C, and also at the warm engine preheat is not required. The engine can be started at once. It is not necessary to give gas.
14 The safety lock is faulty:
– Electric fuel on – Sosa,
– Systems of preheat.
15 The engine is not heated-up: check serviceability of functioning of the device of preheat.
16 On the electromagnetic locking valve there is no tension. Connect to the switch the voltmeter or a sampler on a light-emitting diode. Include ignition. The light-emitting diode has to light up. Otherwise it is necessary to find break of an electrical wiring and to eliminate it.
17 The electromagnetic locking valve is faulty. Check reliability of fastening of the electromagnetic switch, to check contacts. Switch on and off ignition. In the switch the click has to sound.
18 Damage to the line of supply of fuel or air to lines takes place:
a) Pipelines or hoses are mechanically damaged or littered. Clear fuel pipelines and remove air from lines and the filter.
b) The fuel filter is littered. Replace the filtering element.
c) It is necessary to check the filter and pipelines for availability of ice or wax in the winter. Put the car in the heated garage, add to system of gasoline.
d) Ventilation of a tank or the mesh filter of a toplivozabornik is littered. Clean.
19 Adjustment of the beginning of supply of fuel is brought down. Check, make adjustment.
20 Nozzles are faulty. Check. Turn off consistently cap nuts – at an otvorachivaniye of a nut of the faulty cylinder turns of the engine will not fall.
21 The fuel pump of high pressure (FPHP) is faulty. Establish new, or obviously serviceable TNVD for check.
22 Too low pressure of a compression. Replace sealing laying of a head of cylinders. If necessary repair the engine. |
The starter functions without engine provorachivaniye
Start of the cold engine is complicated
| 1 The battery is discharged or insufficiently charged.
2 Malfunction of components of a power supply system or electric equipment takes place (Chapters of the Power supply system, injection and release and engine Electric equipment).
3 Paraffin in the filter of thin cleaning of the diesel engine. Replace a filter element. Fill winter fuel, or dilute with gasoline.
4 Glow plugs of the diesel engine are faulty. |
Start of the hot engine is complicated
Gearing of a starter happens is too noisy or with difficulty
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1 Teeth of a gear wheel of a starter or a wreath of a flywheel are worn-out or damaged.
2 Bolts of fastening of a starter are lost or the effort of their tightening weakened. |
The engine is started, but immediately becomes deaf
| 1 The electrical wiring is faulty or fastening of wires on plugs of the coil or the generator weakened.
2 Malfunction of components of a power supply system or electric equipment takes place (Chapters of the Power supply system, injection and release and engine Electric equipment).
3 Losses of depression through the pro-masonry surfaces of the inlet pipeline or block of injection of fuel take place. Make sure of reliability of an inhaling of fixing bolts / nuts, check the fact and quality of fastening on the unions on the inlet pipeline of all vacuum hoses. Check a condition of hoses and correctness of their connection (to the unions). |
Stability of operation of the engine on single turns is broken
| 1 Depression losses take place. Make sure of reliability of an inhaling of fixing bolts / nuts, check the fact and quality of fastening on the unions on the inlet pipeline of all vacuum hoses. Wiretap the working engine by means of a stethoscope or a piece of a fuel hose. Existence of the hissing sound will allow to reveal a source of "leak" of vacuum. It is possible to use solution of soap water for check not less effectively.
2 Malfunction of components of a power supply system or electric equipment takes place (Chapters of the Power supply system, injection and release and engine Electric equipment).
3 The valve of system of the operated ventilation of a case is blocked (Head Dvigatel).
4 The air filter (The head of the Power supply system, injection and release) is blocked.
5 The fuel pump does not provide giving of enough fuel to injectors of system of injection (The head of the Power supply system, injection and release).
6 Leaks through laying of a head of cylinders take place. Perform measurement of compression pressure in engine cylinders.
7 Working ledges of cams of the camshaft are worn-out (Head Dvigatel).
Diesel engine:
8 Quality of connections of fuel hoses on TNVD and the fuel filter is broken. Replace fuel hoses, fix them by collars, tighten screws of angular connections.
9 Fastening of TNVD is mechanically damaged or weakened. Check fastening.
10 Are mixed by junctions of the returnable pipeline and pipeline of supply of fuel. Put connections on the places. The screw of connection of the returnable pipeline has marking of "OUT".
11 Damage to the line of supply of fuel takes place:
a) Pipelines or hoses are mechanically damaged or littered. Clear fuel pipelines.
b) The fuel filter is littered. Replace the filtering element.
c) It is necessary to check the filter and pipelines for availability of ice or wax in the winter. Put the car in the heated garage, add to system of gasoline.
d) Ventilation of a tank or the mesh filter of a toplivozabornik is littered. Clean.
12 Adjustment of the beginning of supply of fuel is brought down. Check, make adjustment.
13 Nozzles are faulty. Check. Turn off consistently cap nuts – at an otvorachivaniye of a nut of the faulty cylinder turns of the engine will not fall.
14 The fuel pump of high pressure (FPHP) is faulty. Establish new, or obviously serviceable TNVD for check. |
Admissions of ignition take place during the operation of the engine on single turns
Admissions of ignition at the movement of the car on transfer take place
The engine becomes deaf
The engine does not develop full capacity
| 1 Malfunction of components of a power supply system or electric equipment takes place (Chapters of the Power supply system, injection and release and engine Electric equipment).
2 The air cleaner is littered. To clean or replace.
3 Spark plugs are faulty or the candle gap is incorrectly exposed (The head the Current leaving and service).
4 The ignition coil (The head Elektrooborudovaniye of the engine) is faulty.
5 AT liquid level does not conform to requirements (The head Automatic transmission).
6 Coupling revolves (The head Stsepleniye and power shafts).
7 The fuel filter is blocked and/or dirt/moisture (The head of the Power supply system, injection and release) got to a power supply system.
8 Fuel not of that grade is filled. Fill in in a tank fuel with the required octane number.
9 Compression pressure, insufficient or uneven on cylinders. Perform measurement of a compression which analysis of results allows to reveal existence of leakages of valves and/or violation of tightness of laying of a head of cylinders (Head Dvigatel).
In addition for the diesel engine
10 The air cleaner is littered. Clean or replace
11 Uneven supply of TNVD fuel on cylinders. Adjust on the heated-up engine.
12 The moment of the beginning of supply of TNVD fuel is incorrectly determined. Establish.
13 The fuel filter or TNVD (nozzle) is littered. Wash out the preliminary filter, replace an element of the filter of thin cleaning, clean a spray or replace the pump (nozzle).
14 Adjustment of the maximum frequency of rotation of a bent shaft is broken. |
There are cottons in system of an admission or shots in system of release
At the movement with acceleration or uphill there are detonation sounds
Kalilny ignition takes place (the engine continues to work after switching off of ignition)
The diesel engine smokes
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1 Black smoke:
a) The air cleaner is polluted. Wash out and fill with fresh oil or replace an element.
b) Inappropriate fuel is applied. Wash out a tank and replace fuel.
c) The moment of the beginning of giving of TNVD is incorrectly determined.
2 Blue smoke:
a) Burning of oil in the combustion chamber owing to wear of piston rings, high level of oil in the air cleaner, wear of epiploons in covers of a turbocompressor, formation of thinnesses in laying between a block case and a turbocompressor. Repair the engine, establish the normal level of oil, replace epiploons, tighten bolts of fastening of a turbocompressor or replace laying.
b) Fuel to one of nozzles does not move. Check on heating of final branch pipes of a collector.
c) Bad dispersion of fuel a nozzle because of malfunction of the valve or break of a spray. Grind in the valve or replace a nozzle.
3 White or brown smoke:
a) Low temperature in the cooling system. Check the thermostat.
b) Bad work of nozzles owing to wear or break of a spray. Replace a spray. |
Engine electric equipment
The battery does not "hold" a charge
The control lamp of ignition does not die away at increase in turns
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1 The driving belt is weakened. Check a natyazhitel of a maple belt.
2 Damage of the obgonny coupling (only turbodiesel). Remove the generator and turn a power shaft of the generator to the left. If the working surface of a pulley does not rotate, then damage, as a rule, to the obgonny coupling.
3 Damage of the regulator of the tension/generator. Disconnect a wire (D+) from a reverse side of the generator and include ignition. If now the control lamp does not light up, malfunction, as a rule, in the regulator of tension or in the generator.
4 Wear of brushes. Visually check brushes, if necessary replace.
5 Damage of the regulator. Check, if necessary replace.
6 Damage of the generator. Check, if necessary replace.
7 Damage of a wire between the generator and the regulator of tension. Disconnect a blue wire at contact of the 12th shtekerny T32a connection and at the dashboard block. If now the control lamp does not light up, the wire of D + has connection with weight. Replace a plait.
8 Damage of the block of the dashboard. If after a detachment of a blue wire from the shtekerny T32a connection at the included ignition the control lamp lights up, malfunction, as a rule, in the dashboard block. |
The control lamp of ignition does not light up at turn of the ignition key in the provision of "ON" (at inclusion of ignition)
The control lamp of a charge burns after switching off of ignition
| 1 Plus diodes have short circuit. Check diodes, replace a diode payment
Starter
If the starter does not turn, at first it is necessary to check that on the plug of the 50th traction relay there was necessary tension of at least 10 Century. If tension is lower than this value, it is necessary to check according to the scheme of a wire, entering a starter current contour.
Whether the starter works at a full tension of the battery, it is possible to check as follows:
– Not including transfers, include ignition.
– Peremknite starter plugs 30 and 50 a wire of section at least 4 mm2, address also the Section Removal, installation and check of the traction relay of a starter.
If the starter works faultlessly, the cause of defect should be looked for in wires to a starter. If the starter does not earn, it should be checked in the removed state.
Check condition: In places of connection of a wire have to be well fixed and should not be oxidized. |
The starter does not rotate at turning on of the lock of ignition
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1 The battery is discharged. Charge the battery.
2 Peremknite starter plugs 30 and 50: The starter rotates. The break of a wire 50 to the ignition lock, is faulty the starter switch. Eliminate break, replace defective parts.
3 Break of a cable or the socket of weight, the battery it is discharged. Check cables and sockets of the battery, measure battery tension, if necessary load.
4 Insufficient passing of current owing to the weakened or oxidized sockets. Clear poles and plugs of the battery, check connections between the battery, a starter and weight.
5 There is no tension on the plug of the 50th traction relay. The break of a wire, the switch of a starter is faulty. |
The starter rotates slowly and does not turn the crankshaft
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1 Category of the battery. Charge the battery.
2 Summer oil is filled in. Fill in all-weather oil.
3 Insufficient passing of current owing to the weakened or oxidized sockets. Clear poles and plugs of the battery, check connections between the battery, a starter and weight.
4 Coal brushes do not adjoin to a collector, jam in guides, are worn-out, broken, greasy or polluted. Check brushes, clear or replace. Check guides.
5 Insufficient distance between brushes and a collector. Replace brushes and clear guides of brushes.
6 The collector in grooves or burned and was made oily. Process a collector or replace an anchor.
7 There is no tension on the plug 50 (min. 8 V). Check the switch of a starter or the traction relay.
8 The bearing is broken. Check the bearing, if necessary replace.
9 The traction relay is faulty. Replace the traction relay. |
The starter grabs and rotates the engine breakthroughs
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1 The gear wheel drive is faulty. Replace the gear wheel drive.
2 The gear wheel is polluted. Clear a gear wheel.
3 The gear wreath of a flywheel is faulty. Process a gear wreath if it is required, replace a flywheel. |
The gear wheel of a starter does not depart from a wreath
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1 The drive of a gear wheel or a carving are polluted or damaged. Clear or replace the gear wheel drive.
2 The traction relay is faulty. Replace the traction relay.
3 The returnable spring weakened or became torn. Replace a returnable spring. |
The starter continues to work after an ignition key otpuskaniye
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1 The traction relay jammed, is not switched-off. At once switch off ignition, replace the traction relay.
2 The ignition lock is not switched-off. At once switch-off the battery, replace the ignition lock. |
Power supply system
Fuel consumption is excessive
| 1 The element of the air filter (The head of the Power supply system, injection and release) is polluted or blocked.
2 Malfunction of components of a power supply system or electric equipment takes place (Chapters of the Power supply system, injection and release and engine Electric equipment).
3 Pressure in tires is not enough or tires not of that size are installed.
Diesel engine
4 Contamination of the returnable pipeline. Blow air the returnable pipeline from TNVD to the fuel tank.
5 Too high turns of idling and maximum turns. Adjust.
6 The engine has mechanical damages. Check a compression, if necessary repair the engine |
Leak of fuel takes place and/or there is a gasoline smell
The engine is not started
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1 At inclusion of a starter the electric fuel pump does not work (noise from work is not heard). Slightly knock on a pump housing to release the jammed detail. Check whether tension is put to the pump. Check serviceability of a safety lock. Check electric contacts for good conductivity.
2 The relay of the fuel pump is faulty. Check the relay.
3 Valves of injectors stuck. Check injectors, if necessary replace. Check giving of tension for injectors. For this purpose to a rasstykuyta socket of injectors. Attach a diode control lamp to a wire and include a starter. The control lamp has to blink.
4 There is no signal from sensors of the moment of ignition or the RPM meter of the engine. Check electric wires. Carry out a survey of memory of malfunctions.
5 On the control panel position of the AT selector is not displayed, the indicator of a charge blinks or burns constantly. The code of malfunction 11 (the sensor switch of level of oil is damaged or punched a safety lock 30 at 7:5Ç) registers in the block of memory of the control panel. Replace a safety lock or the sensor of level of oil (12 611 433 596).
6 Fuel pipelines are damaged, littered or untight, there are defects of hoses.
7 The fuel filter is littered.
8 Availability of ice or wax in the filter or pipelines of the diesel engine.
9 Ventilation of the fuel tank is hammered, the filter in a tank is littered.
10 Nozzles of the diesel engine are damaged. Turn off in turn cap nuts and check whether the corresponding cylinder works. |
The cold engine is started badly, works unstably
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1 Contents WITH does not conform to requirements. Check contents WITH and idling.
2 Temperature sensor is faulty. Check the sensor of temperature of the cooling liquid / the soaked-up air.
3 Pressure of fuel does not correspond to the required value. Check fuel pressure. |
The warm engine is started badly, works unstably
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The system of an admission of air is untight. Check inlet system. For this purpose leave the engine to idle and cover places of consolidations and connection on an inlet path with gasoline. If speed for a short time increases, eliminate untight places.
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| Vapors of gasoline are poisonous, do not inhale them. |
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The engine works with interruptions
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1 Electric connections to the fuel pump are interrupted from time to time. Check a condition of shtekerny connections and sockets of electric wires of the fuel pump, measuring instrument of a stream of air and the relay of the fuel pump. Check a safety lock and places of contacts for the relay of the fuel pump. Clear contacts, if necessary replace.
2 Poor quality of fuel, formation of steam traffic jams. Fill qualitative fuel.
3 Too low volume of supply of fuel. Check pump productivity.
4 The fuel filter is faulty. Replace the fuel filter.
5 The fuel pump is faulty. Check the fuel pump.
6 Injectors are faulty. Check injectors.
7 The sensor of provisions of a butterfly valve is faulty. Check the sensor of provisions of a butterfly valve.
8 Weak fastening of fuel hoses to TNVD and the fuel filter of the diesel engine. |
The engine works with interruptions in work on the transitional modes and the mode of idling
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1 The system of an admission of air is untight. Check connections of inlet system. Start the engine and grease with gasoline of the place of contact and connection in the soaking-up highway. If engine turns quickly increase, eliminate leakage.
2 Idling adjustment is incorrect. Check the idling regulator, the sensor of provisions of a butterfly valve, a lambda adjustment.
3 The sensor of full loading is faulty or incorrectly adjusted. Check the sensor of a butterfly valve. |
The hot engine is not started
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1 Incorrect adjustment of contents WITH. Check contents WITH and idling.
2 Too high pressure in fuel system. Check fuel pressure, if necessary replace pressure regulator.
3 The returnable pipeline between the regulator of pressure and the fuel tank is littered or bent. Clean or replace the pipeline.
4 The engine temperature sensor is faulty. Check temperature sensor.
5 The power supply system is untight. Make visual survey of all connections in the field of the engine and the electric fuel pump. Tighten all connections.
6 The system of an admission of air is untight. Check all connections of inlet system. |
The engine works after switching off
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1 Injectors are untight. Check injectors.
2 The fuel cut-off valve does not work at the diesel engine. |
Lubrication system
The control lamp does not burn after inclusion of ignition
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1 The oil pressure sensor is faulty. Include ignition, disconnect a wire from the sensor of pressure of oil and close on weight. If the lamp lights up, replace the sensor.
2 On the sensor tension, contacts of a korrodirovana does not move. Check electric wires and contacts.
3 The control lamp is faulty. Replace a control lamp.
4 The monitor is faulty. Replace the monitor. |
The control lamp does not die away after start of the engine
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Oil is overheated. Fir-trees the control lamp dies away after gas supply, it is required to do nothing. |
The control lamp does not die away after supply of gas or lights up during the movement
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1 Oil pressure too low. Check oil level, if necessary add. Check oil pressure.
2 The wire to the sensor of pressure of oil has short circuit on weight. Disconnect a cable from the sensor and take aside (without closing on weight), include ignition. If the lamp lights up, check a wire.
3 The sensor of pressure of oil is faulty. Replace the sensor. |
Too low pressure of oil on all turns
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1 In the engine there is not enough oil. Add oil.
2 The mesh filter is littered. Remove the case pallet, clear the mesh filter.
3 The oil pump is worn-out. Remove the oil pump and check it, if necessary replace.
4 Damages of bearings. Remove the engine. |
Too low pressure of oil on small turns
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The reducing valve stuck abroach because of pollution. Remove and check the valve. |
Too high pressure of oil at speed over 2000 rpm
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The reducing valve does not open because of pollution. Remove and check the valve. |
Cooling system
Overheat
| 1 The cooler in system (The head of the Cooling system, heating) does not suffice.
2 The driving belt of the water pump is worn-out or damaged or adjustment of its tension is broken.
3 Internal channels of a radiator are blocked or it is polluted the front grille (The head of the Cooling system, heating) (is blocked).
4 The thermostat (The head of the Cooling system, heating) is faulty.
5 Fan blades (The head of the Cooling system, heating) are broken or burst.
6 The viscous coupling of the fan is faulty (models 320i, 323i, 328i with the conditioner). Check the fan coupling: Increase turns of the heated-up engine. As soon as temperature of liquid reaches 90 – 95 °C, fan turns will raise that will be noticeable aurally.
7 The index of temperature of cooling liquid is faulty. Check the sensor.
8 The pump of cooling liquid is faulty. Remove and check the pump.
9 Does not hold pressure a radiator cover. Make check of a cover pressure (address on car repair shop). |
Overcooling
External leakages of a cooler
| 1 Hoses are damaged or destroyed as a result of material aging or their fastening on unions weakened. Replace hoses and/or tighten collars of their fastening (The head of the Cooling system, heating).
2 Epiploons of the water pump are spoiled. In this case the cooler will exude through a control opening in a pump housing (The head of the Cooling system, heating).
3 Leaks from internal channels of a radiator or the side tank(s) take place. Professional repair of a radiator is required (the description of the procedure of removal is provided in the Head of the Cooling system, heating).
4 Leaks through a drain stopper of the engine (Head Dvigatel) or release traffic jams of water galleries (The head of the Cooling system, heating) take place. |
Internal leakages of a cooler
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| Internal leakages of a cooler usually come to light by check of a condition of motive oil. Examine an edge of the measuring probe and internal surfaces of a cover (covers) of cylinders on existence of traces of water and foaming of oil. |
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1 Leaks through laying of a head of cylinders take place. Make check of the cooling system pressure.
2 There are cracks on walls of cylinders or in casting of a head. For check sort the engine (Head Dvigatel). |
There are losses of a cooler
| 1 In system too much cooler (The head of the Cooling system, heating) is filled.
2 The cooler boils away as a result of an engine overheat.
3 Internal or external leakages of a cooler take place.
4 The radiator cover is faulty. Check a cover pressure. |
Circulation of a cooler is broken
| 1 The water pump does not function properly. It is the simplest to make sure of functioning of the pump having pressed the top hose of a radiator at the engine working at single turns. If at an otpuskaniye of a hose the liquid push in it is felt, the pump functions regularly (The head of the Cooling system, heating).
2 Passability of the cooling system is broken. Merge a cooler, wash out system and fill it with fresh mix (The head of the Cooling system, heating). If there is such need, remove a radiator (The head of the Cooling system, heating) and carry out its obratnopotochny washing.
3 The driving belt of the water pump is worn-out or damaged or adjustment of its tension is broken.
4 The thermostat (The head of the Cooling system, heating) is jammed. |
Heater
The fan of a heater does not work
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1 The fan motor safety lock is faulty. Check a fan safety lock, if necessary replace.
2 the fan switch is faulty. Check whether tension is put to preresistors, remove and check the fan switch.
3 The electric motor is faulty. Check whether tension at the included ignition and the closed fan switch is put to contacts of the motor of the fan. If tension is put, replace the motor. |
The fan of a heater does not work at one of steps
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The preresistor is faulty. Replace a connection payment. |
The heater is not switched off by the regulator
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1 The switch is faulty. Check the switch.
2 Cables of the adjusting mixing gate are damaged or badly mobile. Replace cables. |
Too low power of heating
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1 Too low level of cooling liquid. Check the level of cooling liquid, if necessary add.
2 The control unit of a heater has the heavy course, is faulty. Check the heater control unit, if necessary replace a cable. |
Noise in the field of the heater fan
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1 Dirt, leaves got. Remove the fan and clean it, clear the air channel.
2 Disbalance of a krylchatka, malfunction of the bearing. Remove the fan motor, check ease of the course. |
Coupling
Coupling is not switched off (the control lever of RKPP is not transferred freely to position of the reverse gear and back at the coupling pedal which is squeezed out to a floor)
Coupling revolves (turns of the engine raise without increase in speed of the movement of the car)
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1 The clutch plate is polluted by oil or its frictional slips are wiped. Remove coupling (The head Stsepleniye and power shafts) and check a condition of its components.
2 The clutch plate was not earned extra properly. For final extra earnings of a new disk from 30 to 40 normal starts of the car can be required.
3 It is worn-out press a coupling disk/basket (The head Stsepleniye and power shafts). |
At inclusion of coupling there is a strong vibration
Breakthroughs during the coupling work
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1 Damage of support of the engine and transmission. Check, if necessary replace.
2 Weakening of fastening of the transmission in a suspension bracket. Tighten fastening bolts.
3 Uneven prileganiye of a press disk. Replace a coupling basket.
4 The bent shaft is not centered with the transmission. Check centering. |
Squeal or roar arise at full inclusion of coupling (the pedal is released)
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The release bearing of coupling is jammed. Remove coupling (The head Stsepleniye and power shafts) and check a condition of the bearing. Remove all agnails and teases, and grease the bearing before installation into place. |
Squeal or roar arise at full switching off of coupling (the pedal is squeezed out)
The pedal of coupling remains squeezed out to a floor after its otpuskaniye
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The piston of the main or working cylinder of coupling is jammed. Damages of a hydraulic system of coupling or release bearing. Check a state, if necessary remove coupling components. |
Manual Box of Gear Shifting (MBGS)
At established on neutral transfer of the check point in operating time of the engine extraneous noises take place
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1 The bearing of a main shaft is worn-out.
2 The bearing of the leading gear wheel of the conducted shaft is damaged.
3 Bearings of an intermediate shaft are worn-out.
4 Washers of adjustment of an axial side play of an intermediate shaft are worn-out or damaged. |
Extraneous noises take place in any provision of RKPP
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1 Any of the above-mentioned reasons and/or:
2 V RKPP the insufficient amount of gearbox oil is filled in (its level fell). |
Extraneous noises arise on any concrete transfer
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1 Teeth of a gear wheel of this transfer are worn-out, damaged or chopped off.
2 The synchronizer of this transfer is worn-out or damaged. |
There are "soskakivany" check points from the highest transfer
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Between the boat of a box and the engine dirt got or the box was displaced in relation to the engine. |
At gear shifting there are complications
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1 It is squeezed not completely out coupling (is switched off).
2 Draft of switching is damaged, its fastening weakened or adjustment is broken. Make careful check of a condition of components, in case of need replace defective. |
Leak of gearbox oil takes place
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1 In the check point the excessive amount of gearbox oil is filled. In case of need merge surplus.
2 Differential epiploons need replacement. |
Automatic Transmission (AT)
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| In view of complexity of a design of AT full diagnostics of its malfunctions and repair of components are inaccessible to qualification of the average amateur mechanic. At emergence of any, other than the listed below problems of functioning of AT the car should be driven away for check and repair in a workshop of car service or representative office of the BMW company. |
The common problems connected with functioning of the mechanism of switching
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It is possible to carry the following to number of the refusals connected with violation of adjustment of draft of switching:
a) Start of the engine is possible at provisions of transmission, excellent from "Р" (Parking) and "N" (Neutral).
b) Indications of the indicator of provision of transmission differ from really chosen transfer.
c) The car moves at the transmission established in situation "P".
Make adjustment of draft of gear shifting. |
Transmission revolves, switches hardly, publishes extraneous noises or does not provide the movement of the car at installation on one of lobbies or the reverse gear
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1 There is a set of the possible reasons of the problems listed in heading, however under competence of the amateur mechanic only one of them – the wrong level of transmission liquid gets.
2 Before driving away the car in a workshop of car service check the level and a condition of transmission liquid. Modify level according to requirements of Specifications or replace liquid together with the filter. If the situation did not improve, ask for the help experts. |
Leak of transmission liquid takes place
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1 AT liquid has dark red color. Traces of its leaks should not be confused to traces of motive oil which can be demolished on a transmission case by the running air stream.
2 For identification and localization of a source of leak first of all remove all traces of dirt and lubricant from the transmission boat. Use suitable degreaser and/or make steam cleaning. Then make on the car a short trip at a small speed (that traces of leak did not communicate the running stream far from its source). Stop, the car and by visual survey establish to a poddomkratta a leak source. Most often act as those:
a) Transmission case pallet: Tighten fixing bolts and/or replace laying of the pallet.
b) Tube of the gulf of liquid: Replace rubber consolidation in the place of an entrance of a tube to a transmission case.
c) Lines of transmission liquid: Tighten nipple connections or replace lines.
d) Ventilating tube: Transmission is crowded and/or water got to it. |
Bridges
Extraneous noises
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1 Usual road noise. Adjustment is not given in.
2 Noise of tires. Check a condition of protectors and pressure of a rating of tires.
3 Bearings of wheels are worn-out or damaged, or the effort of their tightening weakened. |
Vibrations
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Check a condition of bearings of wheels, serially poddomkrachivy corresponding from corners of the car and rotating a wheel in manual. Listen at the same time to the sounds proceeding from the bearing. Remove bearings and check their state. |
Oil leak
Brake system
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| Before coming to final conclusion about existence of problems with the brake system make sure that tires are in satisfactory condition and are beefy with the required pressure, adjustment of angles of installation of forward wheels is not broken and the car is not loaded unevenly. |
The increased brake pedal course
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The brake contour failed. Check whether brake fluid follows. |
The pedal of a brake springs and fails
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1 Air in the brake system. Remove air from system.
2 There is not enough liquid in the tank. Add new brake fluid, remove air from system.
3 Formation of vials of steam. It is shown, mainly, at big load of brakes. Replace brake fluid, remove air from system. |
Decrease in effect of braking, pedal fails
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1 Leakage of the pipeline. Delay connections of the pipeline or replace tubes.
2 Damage of cuffs to the main thing or working brake cylinders. Replace a cuff. In the main brake cylinder replace internal elements, if necessary replace the main cylinder
3 Rubber laying is damaged. Repair a support. |
Bad braking despite big effort of pressing of a pedal
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1 Brake slips are greasy. Replace brake shoes.
2 The improper or hardened blocks are established. Replace blocks. Establish original blocks of BMW.
3 The brake amplifier is faulty. Check the brake amplifier.
4 Brake shoes are worn-out. Replace brake shoes. |
When braking the car takes away aside
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1 Pressure in tires does not correspond to demanded. Check and modify pressure in tires.
2 Uneven wear of tires. Replace worn-out tires.
3 Brake shoes are greasy. Replace blocks.
4 On one axis different brake shoes are established. Replace blocks. Establish original blocks of BMW.
5 Bad condition of brake shoes. Replace blocks.
6 Mines of supports are polluted. Clear guides and landing surfaces of blocks in a support.
7 Corrosion of cylinders of brake supports. Replace a support.
8 Uneven wear of a brake shoe. Replace brake shoes (on both wheels). |
The brake drags on in itself
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1 The compensation opening in the main brake cylinder is littered. Clean the main cylinder and replace internal elements.
2 Too small gap between a driving rod and the piston of the main brake cylinder. Check a gap. |
Brakes heat up during the movement
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1 The compensation opening in the main brake cylinder is littered. Clear the main cylinder and replace internal elements.
2 Too small gap between a driving rod and the piston of the main brake cylinder. Check a gap.
3 The drosseliruyushchy opening in the special valve on the bottom is littered. Clear the main brake cylinder, replace internal elements and brake fluid. |
Brakes shiver
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1 Blocks of inadequate type are established. Replace blocks, establish original blocks of BMW.
2 Brake disk in places корродирован. Carefully grind a brake disk.
3 The brake disk has a side beating. Process a disk or replace. |
Brake shoes do not depart from a brake disk, the wheel is hardly turned by a hand
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Corrosion in cylinders of brake supports. Repair a support, perhaps replace. |
Uneven wear of blocks
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1 Blocks of inappropriate type are established. Replace blocks, establish original blocks of BMW.
2 The support is polluted. Clear the mine of a support.
3 Heavy piston stroke. Eliminate.
4 The brake system is untight. Check tightness of the brake system. |
Wedge-shaped wear of brake shoes
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1 The brake disk rotates not parallel to a support. Check support prileganiye surfaces.
2 Corrosion in supports. Eliminate pollution.
3 The piston works incorrectly. Check position of the piston. |
Scratch of brakes
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1 Often the reason in atmospheric influence (humidity of air). If the scratch appears after the long parking at the increased humidity and then vanishes, it is not necessary to do anything.
2 Blocks of inappropriate type are established. Replace blocks, establish original blocks of BMW, cover basis plates with protivoskripny paste.
3 The brake disk rotates not parallel to a support. Check surfaces of a prileganiye of a brake support.
4 The mine of a support is polluted. Clear the mine of a support
5 Springs of fastening of blocks are bent. Replace fastening springs.
6 Press springs are stretched. Replace press springs. |
Brake pedal pulsation
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1 ABS in operation. Normally, the help is not required.
2 Too big side beating or the admission on thickness of a brake disk. Check a beating and thickness. Process or replace a disk.
3 The brake disk rotates not parallel to a support. Check a support prileganiye surface. |
The control lamp of ABS lights up during the movement
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1 Too low voltage of food (it is lower than 10 V). Check tension. Check whether the control lamp of the generator after start of the engine dies away. If everything is all right, check maple a generator drive belt.
2 ABS damage. Check reliability of contact and presence of corrosion of accession of weight at the returnable pump (in the hydraulic block). |
Suspension bracket and steering
The car takes away at the movement in one of the parties
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1 Tires are pumped unevenly up.
2 Defect of tires takes place.
3 Components of a suspension bracket or steering are excessively worn-out (The head Podvesk and steering).
4 Carrying out adjustment of angles of installation of forward wheels is required.
5 Forward brake mechanisms are taken (The head the Brake system). |
Breakthroughs, pulling or vibrations take place
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1 Balancing of wheels is broken or ovality of disks appeared. Make balancing in a tire workshop.
2 Bearings of wheels are worn-out, the effort of their tightening weakened or adjustment is broken (The head Podvesk and steering).
3 Shock-absorbers or other components of a suspension bracket are worn-out or damaged (The head Podvesk and steering). |
Excessive rocking of the car or "zaryvany" his nose on turns takes place or when braking
Too hardly the steering wheel rotates
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1 Excessively liquid level fell in the tank of system of hydrostrengthening of a wheel (The head Podvesk and steering).
2 Tires are pumped incorrectly up.
3 Hinges of the steering drive are insufficiently greased (The head Podvesk and steering).
4 Adjustment of angles of installation of forward wheels is broken.
5 The hydraulic booster does not develop the required power. |
The excessive side play of steering takes place
The system of hydrostrengthening of a wheel does not develop due effort
Excessive wear of protectors takes place (not in one some area)
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1 Tires are pumped incorrectly up.
2 Balancing of wheels is broken. Address in a tire workshop
3 Disks of wheels are damaged. Check, in case of need make replacement.
4 Components of a suspension bracket or steering are excessively worn-out (The head Podvesk and steering). |
Excessive wear of protectors on an outer edge takes place
| 1 Tires are pumped incorrectly up.
2 Turns are too sharply made. Reduce speed.
3 Adjustment of angles of installation of forward wheels (excessive convergence) is broken. Address in a workshop for carrying out professional adjustment.
4 The suspension bracket lever is bent or twisted (The head Podvesk and steering). |
Excessive wear of protectors on an inner edge takes place
|
1 Tires are pumped incorrectly up.
2 Adjustment of angles of installation of forward wheels is broken (divergence). Make adjustment in a workshop of car service.
3 Components of steering are damaged or their fastening weakened (The head Podvesk and steering). |
Local wear of a protector takes place
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1 Balancing of wheels is broken.
2 Disks are damaged or bent. Check, in case of need make replacement.
3 Defect of tires takes place. |
Defects of brushes of a screen wiper
Slipping
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1 Elastic bands are polluted. Clear elastic bands a rigid nylon brush and solution of detergent or alcohol.
2 Shabby edges of brushes, elastic bands are worn-out or broken off. Replace elastic bands.
3 Old elastic bands, the cracked surfaces. Replace elastic bands. |
In the field of cleaning the water remains gather in drops at once
|
The windshield is polluted by varnish polish or oil. Clear a windshield a pure rag with an eliminator of lubricant, oil, silicones. |
The brush clears unilaterally – in one party well, in another is not present
|
1 The elastic band is deformed in one party "does not overturn any more". Establish a new elastic band.
2 The lever of a screen wiper is twisted, the brush not precisely adjoins to glass. Carefully turn the lever, vertical position will not be reached yet. |
Crude surfaces
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1 The elastic band escaped from a frame. Carefully insert an elastic band into a frame.
2 The brush adjoins to glass unevenly as spring levels or plates are bent. Replace a brush. This malfunction first of all appears at negligent installation of a spare brush.
3 Pressing force the lever is too small. Slightly grease hinges of levers of a screen wiper and spring or install the new lever. |
Defects of tires
Strong wear of the tire on both parties of a working surface
|
Too low pressure in tires. |
Strong wear of the tire in the middle of a working surface, on all circle
|
Too high pressure in tires. |
Uneven wear of a protector
|
Static and dynamic disbalance of a wheel. Perhaps too big side beating of a disk, too big side play in the bearing hinges. |
Uneven wear in the middle of a protector
|
Static disbalance of a wheel. The consequence of a strong vertical beating is possible. |
Strong wear of certain places in the middle of a working surface
|
Blocking traces at full braking. |
Sawtooth wear of a protector. Often together with a rupture of a fabric basis which is not visible outside
|
Car overload. Check an internal part of the tire for ruptures of a basis. |
Rubber uvulas on side edges of a protector
|
Wrong adjustment of angles of installation of wheels. The tire is worn-out. On back wheels also check a condition of the shock-absorber. |
Formation of agnails on one party of a protector of a forward wheel
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Wrong adjustment of a convergence. The tire is worn-out. Frequent movement on wavy surfaces. The Bystry movement on turns. |
Ruptures of a cord. At first are visible only from within
|
Moving through sharp stones, blows of tires, etc. at a high speed. |
Unilaterally worn-out working surface
|
1 Check adjustment of disorder.
2 ABS damage. Check reliability of contact of connection with the case at the returnable pump (in the hydraulics block). |
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